Early Archaean rocks of the Dabola Group mainly include granite gneisses and plagio-gneisses. These rocks are overlain by greenstones of the Kambui Supergroup rocks comprised of amphibolites, talcites, quartzites, schists and Banded Iron Formation (BIF). The Kambui Supergroup is sub-divided into two major Groups - Mongo and Tamaka.

The region is predominantly underlain by Dabola Group granitoids (granites, granite-gneisses and gneisses) of Early Archean age and greenstone formations of the Kambui Supergroup (Mongo and Tamaka Groups). The rocks of this belt cross the northern part of the Kalia Project from the west-north-west to the east-south-east. The age of the Kambui Supergroup is not clear; however new evidence by Thieblemont et al. (2004) suggests a Birimian (Proterozoic) age similar to Simandou based on the preservation of deformational features associated with this era.

Iron mineralisation is hosted within the Kambui Supergroup. The BIF is largely confined to the Tamaka Formation and to a lesser but significant extent, the Mongo Formation. The iron mineralisation within the Tamaka Formation at Kalia includes high grade haematite ores in the weathered profile and primary BIF at depth. High iron grades are also preserved as magnetite within amphibolites and talcites. The iron targets at Kalia cover approximately 45km² in which bedrock exposures of the Tamaka Formation can be mapped over a 30km strike length. The width varies from 1km in the north western area, 2km in the central area (Kalia I) and 1.5km in the south eastern area (Kalia II).

The Kambui Supergroup metamorphic rocks are intruded by Proterozoic granitoids associated with the Birimian cycle. These intrusions vary in composition and texture from simple mesocratic granites and granodiorites to microcline-biotite-amphibole granites to porphyroblastic and aplitic monzogranites. Contact aureoles have formed about the perimeter of these intrusions and consequently have locally metamorphosed parts of the mineralised Kambui Supergroup.

Basement structures are exposed as part of the Leonian-Liberian shield. The area has also been cut by major NE and NW fault systems and the intrusion of an early Proterozoic diorite-granitoid complex. At least two periods of folding have also developed within the Kambui Supergroup which acted incompetently within the surrounding granitoids.

A considerable area is covered by Palaeogene-Neogene lateritic crusts ranging from 20-60m depth.

Artesanal gold workings are located at or near the contacts with amphibolites and magnetite-haematite banded quartzites. The gold association is poorly understood, but the background values are clearly anomalous, particularly near contacts between the BIF and amphibolites within the Kambui Supergroup, with ranges of 0.22 – 0.56g/t Au.